Tourism Location Choice of Local and Foreign Tourist: A Perspective through Spatial Analysis
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Published
Dec 15, 2022
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Abstract
The economic outreach of tourism businesses has undoubtedly had a significant contribution to the economic growth of countries and regions. Attracting tourists to the tourist provinces is an important regional growth and development issue. The main aim of this study is to present the factors influencing the tourism location choice of both foreign and domestic tourists. Cross-sectional spatial analysis is applied to Turkish province-level data for 2002-2019, and the time and spatial effects of regional tourism demands are considered. Lisa and Geary’s cluster maps provide the regional clusters. Accordingly, Bitlis, Siirt and Tunceli are the common low-tourist number provinces surrounded by low-ranking provinces (low-low cluster), whereas Burdur is the common low province surrounded by high-ranking provinces (low-high cluster). Both domestic and foreign tourist location choices were strictly influenced by their choice in 2002, i.e., time consistency in location choice is valid. The location choices do not depend on whether the province is on the seaside or inland, which is contrary to our expectations. Foreign tourists’ location choices are influenced by domestic tourists’ location choices three times more than that domestic tourists. Most importantly, according to the spatial autocorrelation results, location choice made by foreign tourists is spatially dependent, but this is not true for domestic tourists.
JEL classification: C01, C21, L83
Keywords: Tourism, Location choice, Spatial analysis, Moran’s I, Turkey
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Çetin, D., Aksoy, E. and Arslantürk, Y. (2022) “Tourism Location Choice of Local and Foreign Tourist: A Perspective through Spatial Analysis”, World Journal of Applied Economics, 8(2), pp. 65-79. doi: 10.22440/wjae.8.2.2.
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Research Articles
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References
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Almeida, A., Golpe, A., & Justo, R. (2021). Regional Tourist Heterogeneity in Spain: A Dynamic Spatial Analysis. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 21 , 100643. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100643
Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Dordrecht: Kluwer. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-7799-1
Anselin, L. (1995). Local Indicators of Spatial Association — LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93-115. doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x
Anselin, L. (1999). Spatial Econometrics (Staff Paper). Bruton Center, School of Social Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Texas.
Anselin, L. (2003). Spatial Externalities, Spatial Multipliers, and Spatial Econometrics. International Regional Science Review, 26(2), 153-166. doi:10.1177/0160017602250972
Anselin, L. (2019). A Local Indicator of Multivariate Spatial Association: Extending Geary’s c. Geographical Analysis, 51(2), 133-150. doi:10.1111/gean.12164
Brau, R. (2008). Demand-driven Sustainable Tourism? A Choice Modelling Analysis. Tourism Economics, 14(4), 691-708. doi:10.5367/000000008786440201
Brida, J. G., Cortes-Jimenez, I., & Pulina, M. (2016). Has the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis been Validated? A Literature Review. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(5), 394-430. doi:10.1080/13683500.2013.868414
Capone, F., & Boix, R. (2008). Sources of Growth and Competitiveness of Local Tourist Production Systems: An Application to Italy (1991–2001). Annals of Regional Science, 42(1), 209-224. doi:10.1007/s00168-007-0133-7
Chhetri, P., Corcoran, J., & Hall, M. (2008). Modelling the Patterns and Drivers of Tourism related Employment for South-East Queensland, Australia- A spatial Econometric Approach. Tourism Recreation Research, 33(1), 25-38. doi:10.1080/02508281.2008.11081287
Eugenio-Martin, J. L., Martin Morales, N., & Scarpa, R. (2004). Tourism and Economic Growth in Latin American Countries: A Panel Data Approach (Working Paper No. 26). FEEM. doi:10.2139/ssrn.504482
Fingleton, B., & Lopez-Bazo, E. (2006). Empirical Growth Models with Spatial Effects. Papers in Regional Science, 85(2), 177-198. doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2006.00074.x
Gooroochurn, N., & Hanley, A. (2005). Spillover Effects in Long-haul Visitors between Two Regions. Regional Studies, 39(6), 727-738. doi:10.1080/00343400500213606
Gunay Aktas, S., Yuncu, D., & Kantar, Y. M. (2017). Spatial Distribution of Occupancy Rate in the Hospitality Sector in Turkey According to International and Domestic Tourist Arrivals. In A. Saufi, I. Andilolo, N. Othman, & A. Lew (Eds.), Balancing Development and Sustainability in Tourism Destinations. Springer, Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1718-6 33
Kervankiran, I. (2015). Turizmde Mekansal Veri Analizi Tekniklerinin Kullanimi: Turkiye’de Ilcelere Gore Konaklama Ornegi. Journal of World of Turks/Zeitschrift fur die Welt der Turken, 7(2), 217-241.
Kervankiran, I., & Akturk, M. (2017). Turkiye’deki Konaklama Istatistiklerinin Illere Gore Mekansal Analizi. Marmara Cografya Dergisi , 36 , 83-96.
Khadaroo, J., & Seetanah, B. (2008). The Role of Transport Infrastructure in International Tourism Development: A Gravity Model Approach. Tourism Management, 29(5), 831-840. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.09.005
Khan, A. (2018). The Spatial Distribution and Relationship of Tourist Flow in Turkey. European Journal of Tourism Research, 19 , 40-55. doi:10.54055/ejtr.v19i.324
Lagarias, A., & Stratigea, A. (2021). High-Resolution Spatial Data Analysis for Monitoring Urban Sprawl in Coastal Zones: A Case Study in Crete Island. In O. Gervasi et al. (Eds.), Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021 (p. 75-90). Springer International Publishing, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87016-4 6
Lazzeretti, L., & Capone, F. (2009). Spatial Spillovers and Employment Dynamics in Local Tourist Systems in Italy (1991–2001). European Planning Studies, 17 (11), 1665–1683. doi:10.1080/09654310903230616
LeSage, J. P. (1999). The Theory and Practice of Spatial Econometrics. https://www.spatial-econometrics.com/html/sbook.pdf.
Ma, T., Hong, T., & Zhang, H. (2015). Tourism Spatial Spillover Effects and Urban Economic Growth. Journal of Business Research, 68(1), 74–80. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.05.005
Mestanza-Ramon, C., Pranzini, E., Anfuso, G., Botero, C. M., Chica-Ruiz, J. A., & Mooser, A. (2020). An Attempt to Characterize the “3S” (Sea, Sun, and Sand) Parameters: Application to the Galapagos Islands and Continental Ecuadorian Beaches. Sustainability, 12(8), 3468. doi:10.3390/su12083468
Moran, P. A. (1950a). Notes on Continuous Stochastic Phenomena. Biometrika, 37(1/2), 17-23. doi:10.2307/2332142
Moran, P. A. (1950b). A Test for the Serial Dependence of Residuals. Biometrika, 37(1/2), 178-181. doi:10.2307/2332162
Neumayer, E. (2004). The Impact of Political Violence on Tourism: Dynamic Cross-national Estimation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48(2), 259–281. doi:10.1177/0022002703262358
Ongun, U., Govdere, B., & Durgun Kaygisiz, A. (2015). Burdur Ilinin Kirsal Turizm Potansiyelinin Degerlendirilmesi: Sorunlari ve Cozum Onerileri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi , 7(12), 99–116.
Paci, R., & Marrocu, E. (2013). Tourism and Regional Growth in Europe. Papers in Regional Science, 93(1), 25–50. doi:10.1111/pirs.12085
Piacentino, D., Arbia, G., & Espa, G. (2021). Advances in Spatial Economic Data Analysis: Methods and Applications. Spatial Economic Analysis, 16(2), 121–125. doi:10.1080/17421772.2021.1883102
Pimantel, T. (2021). Analise da Distribuicao Espacial do Sistema Turistico de Juiz de Fora / MG. Atelie Geografico, Goiania, 15(2), 254–289. doi:10.5216/ag.v15i2.66183
Santos, L. D., & Vieira, A. C. (2020). Tourism and Regional Development: A Spatial Econometric Model for Portugal at Municipal Level. Portuguese Economic Journal, 19(3), 285–299. doi:10.1007/s10258-020-00179-z
Siano, R., & Canale, R. (2022). Controversial Effects of Tourism on Economic Growth: A Spatial Analysis on Italian Provincial Data. Land Use Policy, 19(3), 106081. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106081
Tobler, W. R. (1970). A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region. Economic Geography, 46(1), 234-240. doi:10.2307/143141
Ward, M. D., & Gleditsch, K. S. (2008). Spatial Regression Models. Sage Publications.
Yang, G., Yang, Y., Gong, G., & Gui, Q. (2022). The Spatial Network Structure of Tourism Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in China: A Social Network Analysis. Sustainability, 14 , 9921. doi:10.3390/su14169921
Yang, Y., & Fik, T. (2014). Spatial Effects in Regional Tourism Growth. Annals of Tourism Research, 46(3), 144-162. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2014.03.007
Yang, Y., & Wong, K. K. F. (2012). A Spatial Econometric Approach to Model Spillover Effects in Tourism Flows. Journal of Travel Research, 51(6), 768–778. doi:10.1177/0047287512437855
Zhang, J. (2009). Spatial Distribution of Inbound Tourism in China: Determinants and Implications. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9(1), 32–49. doi:10.1057/thr.2008.41
Zhao, X., & Yu, G. (2021). Data-Driven Spatial Econometric Analysis Model for Regional Tourism Development. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. doi:10.1155/2021/6631833